Publications
Explore our research papers, policy briefs, and reports on critical global issues
66 publications trouvées
-
Green AI in Industry: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from the Water Treatment Sector
-
IA
-
Climat
-
Énergie
-
-
Voir la publication
On the interaction between monetary policy, corporate balancesheets and structural reforms
-
Croissance
Résumé en anglais : In this paper, we use cross-industry, cross-country panel data to test if, and how monetary policycan affect growth. To do so, we use two alternative approaches. We first focus on the reactivity of real short term interest rates to the business cycle and show that its interaction with industry-level measures of financial constraints correlates positively […]
-
-
Voir la publication
Reforms and Dynamics of Income Evidence Using New Panel Data
-
Fiscalité
-
-
Voir la publication
The Innovation Premium to Soft Skills in Low-Skilled Occupations
-
Innovation
-
Marché du travail
Résumé en anglais : Matched employee-employer data from the UK are used to analyze the wage premium to working in an innovative firm. We find that firms that are more R&D intensive pay higher wages on average, and this is particularly true for workers in some low-skilled occupations. We propose a model in which a firm’s innovativeness is reflected […]
-
-
Voir la publication
Climate Change, Directed Innovation, and Energy Transition:The Long-run Consequences of the Shale Gas Revolution
-
Climat
-
Énergie
-
Croissance
-
Innovation
Résumé en anglais : We investigate the short- and long-term effects of a shale gas boom in an economy where energy can be produced with coal, natural gas, or clean energy sources. In the short run, cheaper natural gas has counteracting effects on CO2 emissions: on the one hand it allows substitution away from coal which reduces CO2 emissions, […]
-
-
Voir la publication
The Inverted-U Relationship Between Credit Access and Productivity Growth
-
Croissance
-
Innovation
-
Productivité
We identify two counteracting effects of credit access on productivity growth: on the one hand, better access to credit makes it easier for entrepreneurs to innovate; on the other hand, better credit access allows less efficient incumbent firms to remain longer on the market, thereby discouraging entry of new and potentially more efficient innovators. We […]
-
-
Voir la publication
On the Returns to Invention within Firms: Evidence from Finland
-
Innovation
In this paper we merge individual income data, firm-level data, patenting data, and IQ data in Finland over the period 1988–2012 to analyze the returns to invention for inventors and their coworkers or stakeholders within the same firm. We find that: (i) inventors collect only 8 percent of the total private return from invention; (ii) […]
-
-
Voir la publication
Artificial Intelligence and Economic Growth
-
IA
-
Croissance
This paper examines the potential impact of artificial intelligence (A.I.) on economic growth. We model A.I. as the latest form of automation, a broader process dating back more than 200 years. Electricity, internal combustion engines, and semiconductors facilitated automation in the last century, but A.I. now seems poised to automate many tasks once thought to […]
-
-
Voir la publication
Tax Simplicity or Simplicity of Evasion? Evidence from Self-Employment Taxes in France
-
Fiscalité
Tax systems are often criticized for being overly complex, leading some countries to offer simplified regimes to some taxpayers. Using panel data on French income tax returns, we show that simplified regimes for the self-employed create substantial bunching just below their eligibility thresholds. This bunching in turn is driven not only by a pure taste […]
-
-
Voir la publication
The Impact of Exports on Innovation: Theory and Evidence
-
Innovation
-
Commerce
This paper investigates the effect of export shocks on innovation. On the one hand a positive shock increases market size and therefore innovation incentives for all firms. On the other hand it increases competition as more firms enter the export market. This in turn reduces profits and therefore innovation incentives particularly for firms with low […]
-
-
Voir la publication
Do Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment Respond to Simpler Fiscal Incentives? Evidence from France
-
Fiscalité
In this paper we use French income tax returns since 1994 to study the effects of fiscal incentives for self-employment and entrepreneurship. France is a good quasi-laboratory because of its unique variety of fiscal “regimes” for self-employment, which differ according to their financial incentives, their degrees of administrative simplicity, and the scope for misreporting income […]
-
-
Voir la publication
Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times
-
Croissance
What is the optimal form of firm organization during “bad times”? We present a model of delegation within the firm to show that the effect is ambiguous. The greater turbulence following macro shocks may benefit decentralized firms because the value of local information increases (the “localist” view). On the other hand, the need to make […]
-
-
Voir la publication
The Role of Bounded Rationality and Imperfect Information in Subgame Perfect Implementation—An Empirical Investigation
-
Inégalités
-
Innovation
In this paper we conduct a laboratory experiment to test the extent to which Moore and Repullo’s subgame perfect implementation mechanism induces truth-telling, both in a setting with perfect information and in a setting where buyers and sellers face a small amount of uncertainty regarding the good’s value. We find that Moore–Repullo mechanisms fail to […]
-
-
Download PDF
Social connections and the sorting of workers to firms
-
Inégalités
-
Marché du travail
We assess the presumption that social networks reinforce inequality by providing high-wage workers’ with preferential access to high-wage establishments. Our results based on very detailed Swedish register data contradict this view. We do show that high-wage job seekers tend to be connected to high-wage workers employed in high-wage establishments. Furthermore, social connections appear to directly […]
-
-
Voir la publication
Weak Optimal Transport With Unnormalized Kernels
We introduce a new variant of the weak optimal transport problem where mass is distributed from one space to the other through unnormalized kernels. We give sufficient conditions for primal attainment and prove a dual formula for this transport problem. We also obtain dual attainment conditions for some specific cost functions. As a byproduct, we […]
-
Download PDF
A new Dataset to Study a Century of Innovation in Europe and in the US
Innovation is an important driver of potential growth but quantitative evidence on the dynamics of innovative activities in the long-run are hardly documented due to the lack of data, especially in Europe. In this paper, we introduce PatentCity, a novel dataset on the location and nature of patentees from the 19th century using information derived from an automated extraction of relevant information from patent documents published by the German, French, British and US Intellectual Property offices. This dataset has been constructed with the view of facilitating the exploration of the geography of innovation and includes additional information on citizenship and occupation of inventors.
-
Download PDF
Gender differences in job search: trading off commute against wage
We relate gender differences in willingness to commute to the gender wage gap. Using French administrative data on job search criteria, we first document that unemployed women have a lower reservation wage and a shorter maximum acceptable commute than their male counterparts.We identify indifference curves between wage and commute using the joint distributions of reservation […]
-
Download PDF
From Public Labs to Private Firms: Magnitude and Channels of R&D Spillovers
Introducing a new measure of scientific proximity between private firms and public research groups and exploiting a multi-billion euro financing program of academic clusters in France, we provide causal evidence of spillovers from academic research to private sector firms. Firms in the top quartile of exposure to the funding shock increase their R&D effort by […]
-
Download PDF
Five Facts about MPCs: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment
We present five facts from an experiment on the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) out of transitorytransfers: (1) the one-month MPC on a cash-like transfer is 23%; (2) it is substantially higher (61%) on atransfer administered via a card where the remaining funds expire after three weeks, inconsistent with money fungibility; (3) the consumption response […]
-
Download PDF
Technological Change and Domestic Outsourcing
Does domestic outsourcing react to technological change? We study the staggered diffusion of broadband internet in France in the 2000s, and show that connected firms increased their outsourcing expenditures while decreasing the diversity of occupations they employ in-house. Meanwhile, employment in non-core occupations became increasingly concentrated in firms specializing in subcontracting services. Finally, we provide […]
-
Download PDF
Patents that Match your Standards: Firm-level Evidence on Competition, Innovation and Growth
When a technology becomes the new standard, the firms that are leaders in producing this technology gain a competitive advantage. Matching the semantic content of patentsto standard documents, we show that firms closer to the new technology standard in-crease their market share and sales. In addition, if they operate in a competitive market,these firms also […]
-
Download PDF
An anatomy of international trade: evidence from french firms
We study a longitudinal sample of over one million French workers from more than five hundred thousand employing firms. We decompose real total annual compensation per worker into components related to observable employee characteristics, personal heterogeneity, firm heterogeneity, and residual variation. Except for the residual, all components may be correlated in an arbitrary fashion. At […]
-
Download PDF
High wage workers and high wage firms
We study a longitudinal sample of over one million French workers from more than five hundred thousand employing firms. We decompose real total annual compensation per worker into components related to observable employee characteristics, personal heterogeneity, firm heterogeneity, and residual variation. Except for the residual, all components may be correlated in an arbitrary fashion. At […]
-
Download PDF
Natural Language Processing and Innovation Research
Innovation is central to models in economics, strategy, management, and finance, yet it remains difficult to measure due to its intangible and knowledge-based nature. Recentadvancements in Natural Language Processing offer new methods to analyze textualartifacts, providing empirical insights into previously hard-to-measure aspects of inno-vation. This paper provides an overview of the current applications of these […]
-
Download PDF
How do firms value sales career paths?
Sales employees can build their careers across industries, firms, and occupations. Yet it is unclear how their sales career paths affect their compensation. To assess the value of their experience, we examine the paychecks drawn by nearly 25,000 sales employees over 22 years. Consistent with our arguments, we find that firms place greater value on […]
-
Download PDF
Exploiting Growth Opportunities:The Role of Internal Labour
-
Marché du travail
We explore how business groups use internal labour markets (ILMs) in response to changing eco- nomic conditions. We show that following the exit of a large industry competitor, group-affiliated firms expand, and gain market share by increasing their reliance on the ILM to ensure swift hiring, especially of technical managers and skilled blue collar workers. […]
-
-
Environmentally-Responsible Households: Irresponsible Corporate Lobbying
-
Environnement
-
Innovation
-
Lobbying
-
Working Paper
How do firms respond to greener household preferences? We construct a novel index of environmental willingness to act on the state-quarter level based on Google Trends search data. Relating the index to firm-level information on the U.S. automotive sector from 2006 to 2019, we find ambiguous results. On average, firms redirect innovation from conventional combustion […]
-
-
How Firms Build Their Political Influence: Campaign Contributions as the Key to Successful Lobbying ?
-
Lobbying
-
Working Paper
How do firms build their political influence? We shed light on the complementarity between firms electoral campaign contributions and their lobbying activity through three stylized facts. First, we show that firms lobby committees where there are legislators to whom they have contributed. Second the data reveal a high persistence in contributions between firms and legislators. […]
-
-
Lobbying or Innovation: Who Does What Against Foreign Competition
-
Concurrence
-
Lobbying
-
Productivité
-
Working Paper
This paper studies the relationship between competition and firms’ political influence. I use the China shock identification strategy to assess the impact of rising imports over the last two decades on US corporate lobbying. The empirical results are the following i) the increase in foreign competition has brought firms to increase their lobbying effort by […]
-
-
Lobbying Behind the Frontier
-
Concurrence
-
Lobbying
-
Commerce
-
Publication
This chapter investigates the non-market response of firms to international trade shocks increasing the level of competition in U.S. industries. Lobbying expenditures increase as a consequence of import changes related to the China shock. The effect on lobbying is not homogeneous across firms and it concentrates particularly in those producers which are behind the technological […]
Publiée
2023
-